The Minnesota Effect: What Starvation Science Teaches Us About Dieting and Human Behavior In 1944, 36 healthy young men volunteered to go hungry. They were conscientious objectors to military service during World War II, and they wanted to contribute to the relief effort in another way. Across Europe, millions of people were starving. Scientists knew that food could keep famine victims alive, but they knew much less about how to rehabilitate a person after prolonged deprivation. Physiologist Ancel Keys and his colleagues at the University of Minnesota designed an experiment to find out. The volunteers would first eat normally under controlled conditions. Then, for six months, researchers would cut their food intake until they had lost roughly a quarter of their body weight. A rehabilitation period would follow. The experiment became one of the most important studies of human starvation ever conducted. Its findings were eventually published in the two-volume Biology of Human ...