HEALTHY GUT LINKED TO DIET

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HEALTHY GUT LINKED TO DIET





Diets rich in whole and plant-based foods, which encourage the presence of gut microbiota, which is linked to a lower risk of common illnesses, including heart disease, research has found.

A large-scale international study using metagenomics and blood chemical profiling identified a panel of 15 gut microbes associated with the risk of standard conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The study, published today in Nature Medicine by researchers at King's College London, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, the University of Trento, Italy, and health start-up company ZOE, has identified a panel of 15 gut microbes associated with the risk of standard conditions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

The PREDICT 1 (Personalized Responses to Dietary Composition Trial 1) analyzed detailed data on the composition of participants' gut microbiomes, dietary habits, and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers. It uncovered strong links between a person's diet, the microbes in their gut (microbiome), and their health.

Researchers identified microbes that positively or negatively correlate 'good' and 'bad' with an individual's risk of severe or serious conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Surprisingly, the microbiome has a greater association with these markers than other factors, such as genetics. Some of the identified microbes are so novel that they have not yet been named.

The researchers defined a "healthy" diet as a mix of foods associated with a lower risk of chronic disease. They found that trial subjects who ate such a diet, or one rich in plants, were more likely to have high levels of specific "good" gut microbes associated with a low risk of common illnesses. The researchers identified microbiome-based markers of, as well as markers for, cardiovascular disease and impaired glucose tolerance, which are key risk factors for COVID-19. These findings can be used to help create a personalized diet explicitly designed to improve one's health.

Dr. Sarah Berry, Reader in Nutrition Sciences at King's College London, said, "As a nutritional scientist, finding novel microbes that are linked to specific foods, as well as metabolic health, is exciting. Given the highly personalized composition of each individuals' microbiome, our research suggests that we may be able to modify our gut microbiome to optimize our health by choosing the best foods for our unique biology."

For example, the findings reveal that having a microbiome rich in Prevotella copri and Blastocystis species was associated with maintaining a favorable blood sugar level after a meal. Other species were linked to lower post-meal levels of blood fats and markers of inflammation.

Professor Tim Spector, an Epidemiologist from King's College London, who started the PREDICT study program and is the scientific founder of ZO, said: "When you eat, you're not just nourishing your body, you're feeding the trillions of microbes that live inside your gut."

Nicola Segata, Ph.D., professor and principal investigator of the Computational Metagenomics Lab at the University of Trent, Italy, and leader of the microbiome analysis in the study, said: "We were surprised to see such large, clear groups of what we informally call 'good' and 'bad' microbes emerging from our analysis. It is also exciting to see that microbiologists know so little about many of these microbes that they have not been named yet. This is now a big area of focus for us, as we believe they may open new insights in the future into how we could use the gut microbiome as a modifiable target to improve human metabolism and health."


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