STRESS: TAKES TOLL ON COGNITIVE RESERVE

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STRESS: TAKES TOLL ON COGNITIVE RESERVE


While mentally stimulating activities and life experiences can improve cognition in patients with memory clinic diagnoses, stress undermines this beneficial relationship, according to a new study from Karolinska Institutet, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.

Researchers in the late 1980s found that some individuals who showed no apparent symptoms of dementia during their lifetime had brain changes consistent with an advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease. It has been postulated that so-called cognitive reserve might account for this differential protective effect in individuals.

Cognitively stimulating and enriching life experiences and behaviors, such as higher educational attainment, complex jobs, continued physical and leisure activities, and healthy social interactions, help build cognitive reserve. However, high or persistent stress levels are associated with reduced social interactions, an impaired ability to engage in leisure and physical activities, and an increased risk of dementia.

Researchers from Karolinska Institute have investigated the relationship between cognitive reserve, cognition, and biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in 113 participants from the memory clinic at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. They also examined how this association is modified by physiological stress (cortisol levels in saliva) and psychological stress (perceived stress).

Greater cognitive reserve was found to improve cognition; however, interestingly, physiological stress appeared to weaken this association.

"These results might have clinical implications as an expanding body of research suggests that mindfulness exercises and meditation may reduce cortisol levels and improve cognition," says the study's lead author, Manasa Shanta Yerramalla, a researcher at the Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet. "Different stress management strategies coulcomplementto existing lifestyle interventions in Alzheimer's prevention."

The small sample size of participants reduces the possibility of drawing robust conclusions, but the results are generally applicable to similar patient groups. Moreover, since stress disrupts sleep, which in turn disrupts cognition, the researchers controlled for sleeping medications; however, they did not consider other aspects of sleep that might also impair cognition.

"We will continue to study the association between stress and sleeping disorders and how it affects the cognitive reserve in memory clinic patients," says Dr Yerramalla.

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