Why Does Cancer Spread to the Lungs So Often?

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Why Does Cancer Spread to the Lungs So Often?






By Dennis Thompson, HealthDay Reporter

FRIDAY, Jan. 3, 2025 -- The lungs are a tempting place for cancer cells -- so much so that more than half of people with advanced cancer elsewhere in their bodies wind up with lung tumors.

Researchers now think they know why. A study published on Jan. 1 in the journal Nature reported that aspartate levels of an amino acid allow cancer cells to grow more easily inside the lungs.

"We found high levels of aspartate in the lungs of mice and patients with breast cancer compared to mice and patients without cancer, which suggests that aspartate may be important for lung metastasis," lead researcher Ginevra Doglioni, a doctoral student with the Flemish Institute for Biotechnology's Center for Cancer Biology in Belgium, said in a news release from the college.

For the study, researchers examined the genetic activity of tumor cells taken from aggressive lung cancers.

They found that aspartate -- an amino acid used to make proteins in the body -- appeared to trigger gene activity that results in higher cancer aggressiveness and more risk for lung tumors.

Aspartate appears in very low levels in the bloodstream, but it showed up in very high concentrations in the lungs of mice with advanced breast cancer, results show.

Researchers noted a similar process when examining human lung tumor samples, as shown in the results.

Aspartate activates a surface protein on cancer cells, creating a gene signaling cascade. This cascade of activity enhances cancer cells' ability to alter their environment, making it more suitable for aggressive growth.

Researchers explained that these findings could help doctors keep the lungs cancer-free, even in advanced cases where cancer has spread to other body parts.

The research team also noted that drugs are already on the market that target the processes that appear to make lungs more cancer-prone.

"There are drugs available to target the mechanism we identified and thus with further research a translation toward a clinical setting might be possible," senior researcher Sarah-Maria Fendt, a principal investigator with the Flemish Institute for Biotechnology's Center for Cancer Biology, said in a news release.


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